Anti-Money Laundering

Introduction

As Canadian and international concerns over money laundering and terrorism financing have grown, Canadian law societies have tightened rules on the receipt of cash by lawyers as well as client identification and verification.  Rule amendments effective January 1, 2020 bring the rules applicable to lawyers in line with those that apply to other Canadian businesses that handle funds and are subject to the Financial Transactions and Reports Analysis Centre (FINTRAC).

There have been a few significant changes.  We urge every lawyer to read the newly revised Law Society Rules see Division 12 – Client and Identification and Verification and the changes to Division 4 – Financial Accountability.

There also are a number of resources that have been developed to assist lawyers to comply with the anti-money laundering and terrorist financing rules including detailed worksheets and checklists prepared by the Law Society of Manitoba, a flowchart prepared by the Law Society of Alberta and a host of other resources prepared by the Federation of Law Societies of Canada and other agencies.

Recently, the Federation of Law Societies launched a new online learning program to supplement their library of written resources. Anti-Money Laundering and Terrorist Financing in the Canadian Legal Profession is an interactive course structured into five modules, featuring interactive elements, including scenarios, videos, and quizzes.

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New Online Interactive Learning Program From the Federation of Law Societies of Canada

English | French

LSM Resources

The Law Society has prepared a series of detailed worksheets and some more simplified checklists, annotated to the new rules, which will assist you in determining how the rules apply to each file. Once you are comfortable with the amended rules, you may want to develop your own checklists. We recommend, however, that you use a checklist on every file so that you can satisfy the Law Society auditors that you have complied with the rules. Rule 5-56 and 5-131 have always provided that the failure to comply with any of the rules without reasonable excuse may constitute professional misconduct. However, all Canadian law societies have made a commitment to audit and vigorously enforce compliance with the anti-money laundering rules.

On some files, you may only need to identify the client; on other files verification is required. Some client matters may be exempt from verification or identification requirements.   Similarly, on some matters you may accept cash and on other matters you may not.  You can download the worksheet(s) which apply to your client matter and proceed step-by-step through the process.

Client Identification and Verification

When it comes to the new anti-money laundering rules, there are two categories of files.  We have included worksheets that should help you determine which category your file falls into.

The first type is an IDENTIFICATION FILE – where you must identify your client by collecting the basic “business card” information – name, address, occupation – information that you are probably already collecting so that you can communicate with your clients.

The second category of file is a VERIFICATION FILE – where you must verify your client’s identity.  Verification is required on any file where you provide legal services in respect of a financial transaction.  Financial transaction is defined to mean “the receipt, payment or transfer of money on behalf of a client or giving instructions on behalf of a client in respect of the receipt, payment or transfer of money.”

Verification requires certain steps if your client is an individual and different steps where your client is an organization and, in the case of an organization, the steps vary depending upon the nature of the organization. We have included worksheets that set out the steps required for each kind of client.

There are a few scenarios where, because of the nature of the file or the nature of the client, there is an exemption from having to verify the identity of the client.  We have a worksheet to help you determine whether a particular file is exempt from those requirements.

There also may be circumstances where the nature of the retainer changes which may require you to verify the client’s identity when you previously only identified the client.

While you can still retain the services of an agent to verify the identity of a client, you can no longer rely upon a guarantor to verify an individual’s identity.  These materials contain a sample agreement with an agent which sets out the manner by which the agent must verify the client’s identity.

One important change to the new rules is that the payment of settlement funds in litigation files, even if they are pursuant to an Order of the Court or a Tribunal, is no longer exempt from the requirement that you verify the identity of the client.

Receipt of Cash

While you can accept cash that does not exceed an aggregate amount of $7500 either from a client or a third party on any one client matter, there are specific record keeping requirements when that cash is received.

Unless the matter falls within a narrow list of exemptions, cash cannot be received, either from a client or a third party, in an aggregate amount above $7500 on a client matter.

The Society has prepared a checklist that will take you through specific record keeping requirements when that cash is received and help you determine whether or not you can accept cash on a particular matter or whether you should direct the payor to attend upon a bank, deposit the cash and return to you with a bank draft.

New Anti-Money Laundering Rules Webinar – December 2019
Watch this free webinar to learn more about these changes affecting client identification and verification and the receipt of cash.

Additional Resources

Guidance for a Risk-Based Approach for Legal Professionals – June 2019
The FATF Recommendations are recognized as the global anti-money laundering (AML) and counter-terrorist financing (CFT) standard.

FAQs for Client Identification and Verification Model Rule English / En françaisOctober 2020


Guidance on Monitoring Obligations EnglishEn français July 2020
What is required and the steps you should take, and when to withdraw representation.


Guidance on Using an Agent EnglishEn français July 2020
When to use an agent, considerations for choosing an agent, and exercising due diligence.


Risk Assessment Case Studies for the Legal Profession February 2020
In this document, case studies are used to assist lawyers to learn how to spot red flags and to develop practical responses when faced with situations of possible money laundering. It also includes a Red Flags Quick Reference Guide as an appendix.


Risk Advisories for the Legal ProfessionDecember 2019
In this document, advisories address client and transaction risks that arise in five areas of practice: real estate, trusts, private lending, shell corporations and litigation.


Guidance for the Legal ProfessionFebruary 2019
Your Professional Responsibility to Avoid Facilitating or Participating in Money Laundering and Terrorist Financing